运维部落

sed是一个很好的文件处理工具，本身是一个管道命令，主要是以行为单位进行处理，可以将数据行进行替换、删除、新增、选取等特定工作，下面先了解一下sed的用法
sed命令行格式为：
sed [-nefri] ‘command’ 输入文本

常用选项：
-n∶使用安静(silent)模式。在一般 sed 的用法中，所有来自 STDIN的资料一般都会被列出到萤幕上。但如果加上 -n 参数后，则只有经过sed 特殊处理的那一行(或者动作)才会被列出来。
-e∶直接在指令列模式上进行 sed 的动作编辑；
-f∶直接将 sed 的动作写在一个档案内， -f filename 则可以执行 filename 内的sed 动作；
-r∶sed 的动作支援的是延伸型正规表示法的语法。(预设是基础正规表示法语法)
-i∶直接修改读取的档案内容，而不是由萤幕输出。

常用命令：
a ∶新增， a 的后面可以接字串，而这些字串会在新的一行出现(目前的下一行)～
c ∶取代， c 的后面可以接字串，这些字串可以取代 n1,n2 之间的行！
d ∶删除，因为是删除啊，所以 d 后面通常不接任何咚咚；
i ∶插入， i 的后面可以接字串，而这些字串会在新的一行出现(目前的上一行)；
p ∶列印，亦即将某个选择的资料印出。通常 p 会与参数 sed -n 一起运作～
s ∶取代，可以直接进行取代的工作哩！通常这个 s 的动作可以搭配正规表示法！例如 1,20s/old/new/g 就是啦！

举例：（假设我们有一文件名为ab）
删除某行
[root@localhost ruby] # sed ’1d’ ab #删除第一行
[root@localhost ruby] # sed ‘$d’ ab #删除最后一行
[root@localhost ruby] # sed ’1,2d’ ab #删除第一行到第二行
[root@localhost ruby] # sed ’2,$d’ ab #删除第二行到最后一行

　　显示某行
. [root@localhost ruby] # sed -n ’1p’ ab #显示第一行
[root@localhost ruby] # sed -n ‘$p’ ab #显示最后一行
[root@localhost ruby] # sed -n ’1,2p’ ab #显示第一行到第二行
[root@localhost ruby] # sed -n ’2,$p’ ab #显示第二行到最后一行

　　使用模式进行查询
[root@localhost ruby] # sed -n ‘/ruby/p’ ab #查询包括关键字ruby所在所有行
[root@localhost ruby] # sed -n ‘/\$/p’ ab #查询包括关键字$所在所有行，使用反斜线\屏蔽特殊含义

　　增加一行或多行字符串
[root@localhost ruby]# cat ab
Hello!
ruby is me,welcome to my blog.
end
[root@localhost ruby] # sed ’1a drink tea’ ab #第一行后增加字符串”drink tea”
Hello!
drink tea
ruby is me,welcome to my blog.
end
[root@localhost ruby] # sed ’1,3a drink tea’ ab #第一行到第三行后增加字符串”drink tea”
Hello!
drink tea
ruby is me,welcome to my blog.
drink tea
end
drink tea
[root@localhost ruby] # sed ’1a drink tea\nor coffee’ ab #第一行后增加多行，使用换行符\n
Hello!
drink tea
or coffee
ruby is me,welcome to my blog.
end

　　代替一行或多行
[root@localhost ruby] # sed ’1c Hi’ ab #第一行代替为Hi
Hi
ruby is me,welcome to my blog.
end
[root@localhost ruby] # sed ’1,2c Hi’ ab #第一行到第二行代替为Hi
Hi
end

　　替换一行中的某部分
　　格式：sed ‘s/要替换的字符串/新的字符串/g’ （要替换的字符串可以用正则表达式）
[root@localhost ruby] # sed -n ‘/ruby/p’ ab | sed ‘s/ruby/bird/g’ #替换ruby为bird
　 [root@localhost ruby] # sed -n ‘/ruby/p’ ab | sed ‘s/ruby//g’ #删除ruby

插入
[root@localhost ruby] # sed -i ‘$a bye’ ab #在文件ab中最后一行直接输入”bye”
[root@localhost ruby]# cat ab
Hello!
ruby is me,welcome to my blog.
end
bye

删除匹配行

sed -i ‘/匹配字符串/d’ filename （注：若匹配字符串是变量，则需要“”，而不是‘’。记得好像是）

替换匹配行中的某个字符串

sed -i ‘/匹配字符串/s/替换源字符串/替换目标字符串/g’ filename

最近又暴出最新的漏洞。太可怕了。只能升级了。查了下大神们的升级操作。发出来给大家共享一下吧。

环境：
cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)

ssh -V
OpenSSH_5.3p1, OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013

openssl version -a
OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013

一、准备
备份ssh目录(重要)
cp -rf /etc/ssh /etc/ssh.bak

【 可以现场处理的，不用设置
安装telnet，避免ssh升级出现问题，导致无法远程管理(此步其实可以不用，测试过没必要因为ssh不会中断)
yum install telnet-server

vi /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
service telnet
{
flags = REUSE
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd
log_on_failure += USERID
disable = no
}

默认不允许root登录

vi /etc/securetty
增加
pts/0
pts/1
pts/2
如果登录用户较多，需要更多的pts/*

/etc/init.d/xinetd restart
这样root可以telnet登录了

ssh升级后建议再修改回还原设置
】

二、安装
升级需要几个组件
yum install -y gcc openssl-devel pam-devel rpm-build

现在新版本，目前是openssh-7.4最新
wget http://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-7.4p1.tar.gz

解压升级包，并安装
tar -zxvf openssh-7.4p1.tar.gz
cd openssh-7.4p1
./configure –prefix=/usr –sysconfdir=/etc/ssh –with-pam –with-zlib –with-md5-passwords –with-tcp-wrappers
make && make install

安装后提示：
/etc/ssh/ssh_config already exists, install will not overwrite
/etc/ssh/sshd_config already exists, install will not overwrite
/etc/ssh/moduli already exists, install will not overwrite
ssh-keygen: generating new host keys: ECDSA ED25519
/usr/sbin/sshd -t -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config
/etc/ssh/sshd_config line 81: Unsupported option GSSAPIAuthentication
/etc/ssh/sshd_config line 83: Unsupported option GSSAPICleanupCredentials

修改配置文件,允许root登录

vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#PermitRootLogin yes
修改为
PermitRootLogin yes

命令：
sed -i ‘/^#PermitRootLogin/s/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin yes/’ /etc/ssh/sshd_config

重启openSSH
service sshd restart

升级后版本
ssh -V
OpenSSH_7.4p1, OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013

如果之前你将原ssh目录修改名字
mv /etc/ssh /etc/ssh_bak

需要修改下配置：
修改配置文件,禁止root登录
sed -i ‘/^#PermitRootLogin/s/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/’ /etc/ssh/sshd_config

可以不操作，禁止dns解析
sed -i ‘/^#UseDNS yes/s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/’ /etc/ssh/sshd_config

可以不操作默认是22，修改ssh端口至6022
echo “Port 6022″ >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

注:在升级SSH时你的SSH是不会因为升级或重启服务而断掉的.

问题1：
[root@testserver2 tmp]# service sshd restart
Stopping sshd: [ OK ]
Starting sshd: /etc/ssh/sshd_config line 81: Unsupported option GSSAPIAuthentication
/etc/ssh/sshd_config line 83: Unsupported option GSSAPICleanupCredentials [ OK ]

解决：
将/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件中以上行数内容注释下即可
sed -i ‘/^GSSAPICleanupCredentials/s/GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes/#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes/’ /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i ‘/^GSSAPIAuthentication/s/GSSAPIAuthentication yes/#GSSAPIAuthentication yes/’ /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i ‘/^GSSAPIAuthentication/s/GSSAPIAuthentication no/#GSSAPIAuthentication no/’ /etc/ssh/sshd_config

问题2：
更新后ssh有如下提示，但不影响使用：
[root@testserver2 tmp]# ssh 10.111.32.51
/etc/ssh/ssh_config line 50: Unsupported option “gssapiauthentication”

解决：
可以注释/etc/ssh/ssh_config的gssapiauthentication内容

——————————————————————————————
CentOS7升级openssh参考这里的内容
本次使用源码安装（系统需要gcc），各软件版本如下(例)：

zlib-1.2.8
openssl-1.0.2h
openssh-7.3p1

安装步骤如下：

1、安装zlib
[root@CentOS7test ~]# cd zlib-1.2.8/
[root@CentOS7test zlib-1.2.8]# ./configure
[root@CentOS7test zlib-1.2.8]# make
[root@CentOS7test zlib-1.2.8]# make install

2、安装openssl
[root@CentOS7test ~]# cd openssl-1.0.2h/
[root@CentOS7test openssl-1.0.2h]# ./config –prefix=/usr/ –shared
[root@CentOS7test openssl-1.0.2h]# make
[root@CentOS7test openssl-1.0.2h]# make install

3、安装openssh
[root@CentOS7test ~]# cd openssh-7.3p1/
[root@CentOS7test openssh-7.3p1]# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local –sysconfdir=/etc/ssh –with-pam –with-zlib –with-md5-passwords –with-tcp-wrappers
[root@CentOS7test openssh-7.3p1]# make
[root@CentOS7test openssh-7.3p1]# make install

4、查看版本是否已更新
[root@CentOS7test openssh-7.3p1]# ssh -V
OpenSSH_7.3p1, OpenSSL 1.0.2h 3 May 2016

5、新介质替换原有内容
[root@CentOS7test openssh-7.3p1]# mv /usr/bin/ssh /usr/bin/ssh_bak
[root@CentOS7test openssh-7.3p1]# cp /usr/local/bin/ssh /usr/bin/ssh
[root@CentOS7test openssh-7.3p1]# mv /usr/sbin/sshd /usr/sbin/sshd_bak
[root@CentOS7test openssh-7.3p1]# cp /usr/local/sbin/sshd /usr/sbin/sshd

6-加载ssh配置重启ssh服务
[root@CentOS7test ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@CentOS7test ~]# systemctl restart sshd.service

7、遇到的问题解决

问题1：
安装完成后，telnet 22端口不通，通过systemctl status sshd.service查看发现有警告信息
部分信息如Permissions 0640 for ‘/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key’ are too open

修正：
修改相关提示文件的权限为600，并重启sshd服务（systemctl restart sshd.service）
查看服务状态（systemctl status sshd.service）
例：chmod 600 /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key

问题2：
安装完成后，如需root直接登录

修正：
修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件，将文件中#PermitRootLogin yes改为PermitRootLogin yes
并重启sshd服务
升级后验证

问题3：
如果你使用了jenkins进行部署，升级后会影响jenkins部署，测试连接web端会报错 Algorithm negotiation fail
修正：
在web端修改sshd_config文件最后一行增加以下内容
KexAlgorithms diffie-hellman-group1-sha1,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
参考：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/32627998/algorithm-negotiation-fail-in-jenkins
————————————————————–

【临时修改版本号，运行很久的线上环境升级存在风险，如果可以的话只修改版本号吧（后期经过验证，这种修改版本号的方法无效，ssh -v IP可以查看版本）
查询
ssh -V
sshd -V
备份
cp /usr/bin/ssh /usr/bin/ssh.bak.version_edit
cp /usr/sbin/sshd /usr/sbin/sshd.bak.version_edit
修改
sed -i ‘s#OpenSSH_5.3p1#OpenSSH_7.2p1#g’ /usr/bin/ssh
sed -i ‘s#OpenSSH_5.3p1#OpenSSH_7.2p1#g’ /usr/sbin/sshd
】
补充汇总下：
centos7.X主机升级ssh
cp /usr/bin/ssh /usr/bin/ssh.bak.20161124
cp /usr/sbin/sshd /usr/bin/sshd.bak.20161124
mv /etc/ssh /etc/ssh.bak
—下载包、安装gcc 、编译等中间步骤参上边内容—
make && make install
/usr/sbin/sshd -t -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config
echo ‘PermitRootLogin yes’ >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cp /etc/ssh.bak/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config 将原来的文件覆盖下这个新生成的内容
/bin/systemctl restart sshd.service

centos6.X升级ssh
cp /usr/bin/ssh /usr/bin/ssh.bak.20161124
cp /usr/sbin/sshd /usr/bin/sshd.bak.20161124
cp -rf /etc/ssh /etc/ssh.bak
—下载包、安装gcc 、编译等中间步骤参上边内容—
make && make install
sed -i ‘/^#PermitRootLogin/s/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin yes/’ /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i ‘/^GSSAPICleanupCredentials/s/GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes/#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes/’ /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i ‘/^UsePAM/s/UsePAM yes/#UsePAM yes/’ /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i ‘/^GSSAPIAuthentication/s/GSSAPIAuthentication yes/#GSSAPIAuthentication yes/’ /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i ‘/^GSSAPIAuthentication/s/GSSAPIAuthentication no/#GSSAPIAuthentication no/’ /etc/ssh/sshd_config
service sshd restart

附录：
CentOS7 sshd_config配置内容
[python] view plain copy 在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.93 2014/01/10 05:59:19 djm Exp $

# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.

# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin

# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.

# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system, you have to tell
# SELinux about this change.
# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER
#
#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::

# The default requires explicit activation of protocol 1
#Protocol 2

# HostKey for protocol version 1
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
#KeyRegenerationInterval 1h
#ServerKeyBits 1024

# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none

# Logging
# obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
#LogLevel INFO

# Authentication:

#LoginGraceTime 2m
PermitRootLogin yes
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10

#RSAAuthentication yes
#PubkeyAuthentication yes

# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2
# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys

#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none

#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody

# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don’t trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don’t read the user’s ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes

# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication yes

# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosUseKuserok yes

# GSSAPI options
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials no
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no
#GSSAPIEnablek5users no

# Set this to ‘yes’ to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of “PermitRootLogin without-password”.
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to ‘no’.
# WARNING: ‘UsePAM no’ is not supported in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and may cause several
# problems.
UsePAM yes

#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
#PrintMotd yes
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox # Default for new installations.
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#ShowPatchLevel no
#UseDNS yes
UseDNS no
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none

# no default banner path
#Banner none

# Accept locale-related environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS

# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
# X11Forwarding no
# AllowTcpForwarding no
# PermitTTY no
# ForceCommand cvs server

CentOS6 sshd_config配置内容
[python] view plain copy 在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.80 2008/07/02 02:24:18 djm Exp $

# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.

# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin

# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options change a
# default value.

#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::

# Disable legacy (protocol version 1) support in the server for new
# installations. In future the default will change to require explicit
# activation of protocol 1
Protocol 2

# HostKey for protocol version 1
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key

# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
#KeyRegenerationInterval 1h
#ServerKeyBits 1024

# Logging
# obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
#LogLevel INFO

# Authentication:

#LoginGraceTime 2m
PermitRootLogin yes
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10

#RSAAuthentication yes
#PubkeyAuthentication yes
#AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandRunAs nobody

# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don’t trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don’t read the user’s ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes

# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication yes

# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosUseKuserok yes

# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no

# Set this to ‘yes’ to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of “PermitRootLogin without-password”.
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to ‘no’.
#UsePAM no
UsePAM yes

# Accept locale-related environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS

#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
#X11Forwarding no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PrintMotd yes
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
UseLogin no
#UsePrivilegeSeparation yes
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#ShowPatchLevel no
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none

# no default banner path
#Banner none

# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
# X11Forwarding no
# AllowTcpForwarding no
# ForceCommand cvs server
UseDNS no
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPIAuthentication yes

20161205补充：
实际使用中发现ansible和jenkins使用时有些问题，网上查询了下，需要在/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件中最后增加两行：
[python] view plain copy 在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片
Ciphers aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,3des-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc

KexAlgorithms diffie-hellman-group1-sha1,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
因为升级了openssh太新导致通信时加密算法出现问题，加上后重启就可以了。

一、首先登陆centos，切换用户，切换到你要免密码登陆的用户，进入到家目录，以下我以root为例，命令：
su root
cd ~

二、创建钥匙，命令：ssh-keygen -t rsa，一路按回车就搞定了（请注意提示输入密码一定不要输入不然会不成功）

三、按照流程走完后会在 ~/.ssh目录下（用户所在家目录下的.ssh目录）看到id_rsa, id_rsa.pub文件 第一个是私有密钥 第二个是公共密钥

四、修改SSH配置文件，命令：vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#禁用root账户登录，如果是用root用户登录请开启
PermitRootLogin yes
# 是否让 sshd 去检查用户家目录或相关档案的权限数据，
# 这是为了担心使用者将某些重要档案的权限设错，可能会导致一些问题所致。
# 例如使用者的 ~.ssh/ 权限设错时，某些特殊情况下会不许用户登入
StrictModes no
# 是否允许用户自行使用成对的密钥系统进行登入行为，仅针对 version 2。
# 至于自制的公钥数据就放置于用户家目录下的 .ssh/authorized_keys 内
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
# 有了证书登录了，就禁用密码登录吧，安全要紧
PasswordAuthentication no

五、因为在第四步指定了AuthorizedKeysFile的放置位置为.ssh/authorized_keys，所以还需把公钥数据id_rsa.pub附加到 authorized_keys 这个档案内才行，命令:
cd ~/.ssh
cat id_ras.pub >> authorized_keys
重启SSH服务，命令：systemctl restart sshd.service

六、下载私钥，这里我使用了rz/sz工具(你也可以使用其他方式），系统默认没有安装，先安装，命令:yum -y install lrzsz
SecureCRT配置:选项→会话选项→X/Y/Zmodem，修改上传和下载的目录。
现在开始下载，命令:
cd ~/.ssh
sz id_ras
然后到你之前配置的下载目录去找，把私钥导入到SecurtCRT,方法：
选项→会话选项→SSH2，在鉴权一栏中点击公钥（注意因为前面已经禁用了密码登陆，我们还得把密码这一栏的勾去掉，否则会无法登陆)，点属性，点击使用会话公钥设置，然后在下方的使用身份或证书文件中，选择你刚才下载来的私钥文件，点确定即可。

七、以上所有配置完成，看网上别的教程还说要注意各文件权限问题，我做实验的过程没有遇到，也可能我使用的是root用户的原因，如果你们在过程中有权限报错，建议权限设置：
~/.ssh/ 700
.ssh/authorized_keys 644
.ssh/id_rsa 600 且属于你当前要添加的用户

八、让服务器更安全，开启密码和证书双重验证，先修改SSH配置文件：
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PasswordAuthentication yes
AuthenticationMethods publickey,password #新加入这条
重启SSH服务：systemctl restart sshd.service
SecureCRT配置：因为之前在第六步中把密码去掉了，还得把它再勾起来，选项→会话选项→SSH2，把密码这一栏勾起来即可。

PS：在配置完成后不要关闭当前SecurtCRT的连接窗口，你可以使用新建连接尝试登陆，以免配置出错，造成服务器无法登陆。